pengertian derivational dan contoh contoh

Morphology class

                        Summary derivational affixes and example

Derivational is the process of creating a new word out of one or more old words, either by adding a prefix or by compounding.

1a  Derivational into noun

Sometime the presence of  a derivational affix cause a major grammatical change, in other cases the change caused by derivational suffix may be minor. Beside can change meaning and change word class, derivational suffix is used to change a concrete noun into an abstract noun. Example, -ship  -friendship, leadhership,

Derivational prefixes do not normally after the word class of the base word; that is prefix is added to  noun to form a new noun with a different meaning, example:

·         Out + patient = outpatient

·         Ex + wife = exwife

·         Sub + ground = subground

Derivational noun suffixes : -acy, -age, -an, -al, -ian, -ance, -ancy, -ant, -ary, -ate, -ation, -dom, -er, -ess, -ful, -hood, -ing, -ive, -ment, -ness, -or, -ory, -ship, -th, -y. Examples:

Ø  Happy (adj) + ness = happyness (noun).

Ø  King (noun) + dom = kingdom (noun).

Ø  Child + hood = clildhood

Ø  Govern + ment = goverment

·         Changes noun to other word classes

-ity                  : purity, equality, ferocity, sensitivity

 -ness              : goodness, tallness, fierceness, sensitiveness

 -ism                : radicalism, conservatism

·         Changes verb to noun

-ance, -ence     : performance, ignorance, reference, convergence     

-ment               : announcement, commitment, development, engagement

-ing                  : painting, singing, building, ignoring

-ion                  : denunciation, commission, organisation, confusion

-al                    : refusal, arrival, referral, committal

-er                    : painter, singer, organiser, grinder

·         Change adjective to adjective

Eatable      = uneatable                        edible    = inedible

Readable   = unreadable                     legible   = illegible

Lawful      = unlawful                         legal       = illegal

Touchable = untouchable                    tangible = intangible

·         Changes verb to adjective

 -able ‘able to be Xed’     : breakable, readable, reliable, watchable

 -ent, -ant ‘tending to X’  : repellent, expectant, conversant

-ive ‘tending to X’           : repulsive, explosive, speculative

-ful                                    : e.g. joyful, hopeful, helpful, meaningful

-less                                   : e.g. joyless, hopeless, helpless, meaningless

-al                                      :e.g. original, normal, personal, national

-ish                                    : e.g. boyish, loutish, waspish, selfish